Jump to a Teaching

Foundations

  1. 1 Sola Scriptura vs. Scripture & Tradition
  2. 2 Sola Fide vs. Faith & Works (Justification)
  3. 3 Mary & the Saints
  4. 4 The Eucharist (Real Presence & the Mass)
  5. 5 Papal Authority & Apostolic Succession
  6. 6 Purgatory & Indulgences
  7. 7 Church of Christ-Specific Issues
  8. 8 Calvinist-Specific Issues (TULIP vs. Grace & Free Will)
  9. 14 The Canon of Scripture (Why Catholic Bibles Have 73 Books)
  10. 22 What “Justified” Means (and Paul vs. James)

Sacraments

  1. 9 Confession & Reconciliation
  2. 15 Baptism (and Why Catholics Baptize Infants)
  3. 19 Holy Orders & Priestly Celibacy
  4. 20 Confirmation (Is It an Extra Ceremony?)

Pastoral

  1. 10 Salvation Outside the Church

Practice

  1. 11 Images & Repetition (Statues & the Rosary)

Marian Dogmas

  1. 12 Immaculate Conception & Assumption
  2. 18 Mary’s Perpetual Virginity (and “the Brothers of Jesus”)

Capstone

  1. 13 The Nicene Creed, Line by Line

Church History

  1. 16 The “Great Apostasy” Claim (Did the Church Fall Away?)
  2. 17 The Abuse Scandal (Can This Be Christ’s Church?)
  3. 21 The Church Fathers (Who They Were and How to Cite Them)
Apologetics Drill

Protestant Pushback Practice

Practice the objections you're most likely to hear from Protestants: Reformed (Calvinist and Presbyterian), Baptist, evangelical, and Church of Christ Christians. Choose the strongest answer, then study the reasoning, a sample phrasing, and the mistake to avoid.

Before the first question

The aim is not a “gotcha.” A good answer finds common ground, answers the real objection, and knows its limits.

  1. 1Ask what the other person means before replying.
  2. 2Distinguish Catholic teaching from popular shorthand.
  3. 3Use Scripture in context, not as isolated proof-texts.
Responses summarize Catholic teaching for study. Bring unresolved questions to your OCIA team or priest.