Jump to a Teaching

Foundations

  1. 1 Sola Scriptura vs. Scripture & Tradition
  2. 2 Sola Fide vs. Faith & Works (Justification)
  3. 3 Mary & the Saints
  4. 4 The Eucharist (Real Presence & the Mass)
  5. 5 Papal Authority & Apostolic Succession
  6. 6 Purgatory & Indulgences
  7. 7 Church of Christ-Specific Issues
  8. 8 Calvinist-Specific Issues (TULIP vs. Grace & Free Will)
  9. 14 The Canon of Scripture (Why Catholic Bibles Have 73 Books)
  10. 22 What “Justified” Means (and Paul vs. James)

Sacraments

  1. 9 Confession & Reconciliation
  2. 15 Baptism (and Why Catholics Baptize Infants)
  3. 19 Holy Orders & Priestly Celibacy
  4. 20 Confirmation (Is It an Extra Ceremony?)

Pastoral

  1. 10 Salvation Outside the Church

Practice

  1. 11 Images & Repetition (Statues & the Rosary)

Marian Dogmas

  1. 12 Immaculate Conception & Assumption
  2. 18 Mary’s Perpetual Virginity (and “the Brothers of Jesus”)

Capstone

  1. 13 The Nicene Creed, Line by Line

Church History

  1. 16 The “Great Apostasy” Claim (Did the Church Fall Away?)
  2. 17 The Abuse Scandal (Can This Be Christ’s Church?)
  3. 21 The Church Fathers (Who They Were and How to Cite Them)

Showing reference sheets.

Reference · Teaching 4

The Eucharist — Cheat Sheet

Positions at a glance

PositionClaim
Memorialist (common Baptist/CoC)Bread and wine are symbols; the Supper is a memorial act only.
CatholicBread and wine truly become Christ's Body and Blood (Real Presence); the Mass re-presents, not repeats, Calvary.

Key verses

VerseUsed for
John 6:53-66Catholic: Jesus lets disciples leave over the "hard saying" rather than clarify it as metaphor.
1 Cor 11:27-30Catholic: Paul's severe warning implies real presence, not mere symbol.
Hebrews 9:26-28Protestant: Christ's sacrifice was "once for all." Catholic: rules out repetition, not sacramental re-presentation.
Revelation 5:6Catholic: heavenly image of the Lamb "as though slain," presented perpetually not re-slain.
Luke 22:19Protestant: "do this in remembrance" as a memorial command.

Types

TypeFulfilmentNamed bySource
The Passover lambChrist, and the meal he givesNT-attested1 Cor 5:7-8; John 1:29
The mannaThe Bread of LifeNT-attestedJohn 6:31-35; 1 Cor 10:3
Melchizedek's bread and wineThe Eucharistic offering of Christ the priestPatristicHeb 7:1-3; Cyprian, Letter 63
The covenant meal on SinaiThe Last Supper, where the new covenant is sealed in Christ's bloodPatristic (later reading)Ex 24:8-11; Matt 26:28; Heb 9:18-20
The Bread of the Presence (showbread)The Eucharist, Christ's abiding presencePatristic (later reading)Ex 25:30; Lev 24:5-9; Heb 9:2

The one-line argument to remember

Jesus didn't correct the "hard saying." When disciples in John 6 took "eat my flesh" literally and left, Jesus — who elsewhere always clarified misunderstood metaphors — let them go instead of correcting them.

Nuance to hold onto